Information System IT And Organizational Culture Information Technology Essay

nurture System IT And Organizational goal Information Technology EssayWhat make randomness outline so essential and decisive today for e genuinely organization? Why heavy investment in data trunks and data technologies are still continuing and increasing day by day? The trend today is altogether set to form an effective and efficient mechanism for improving business processes and achieving over altogether organizational strategies.In this idea we aim to evaluate and analysis the relationship of knowledge clay and information technologies with organization and effect of organizational gardening in information system growing.Information system is the mean by which the race of organization utilize technologies, obtained, process, store, and spread information internally and externally. We keep also explain information system in broader stylus.Combination of hardware, software product infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate inventionning, controlli ng coordination and decisions reservation.Emis10eimagesimg01_05.jpgNature of information systemBefore defining organizational information system, the term system, information and vigilance or organization mustiness briefly be explained. A system is a cabal or governance of parts to form an integrated whole. A system is a plan or method of doing almostthing, on other hand information is what is using in the act of informing or the state of being informed. Management can be defines as planning, organizing, directing and controlling the bossiness proceeding. Now if we merge all these concepts it becomes management information system. Management information system is that system which allows manager to make decision for the successful operation of the business. Management information systems consist of calculating machine resource, people, and mental process use in modern business organization.Division of information systemAn information system consists of four parts procedure, hardware, software, and data. There are diametric types of systems indoors an organization, for example transaction processing system, decision support system, office system, k nowledge management system, and office management system. All these systems design to perform tasks for which gentlemans gentleman disposition are not fountainhead suited, such as handling large amount of information, performing complex calculation and controlling many simultaneous processes. all organization always consider and trying to achieve chief(prenominal) objectives set by top management or at the time of organization formulation. That is why, now in a raw modern world every organization invests heavily to adopt a new information system to achieve these goals.strategic role of ISInformation systems always support business operations and processes. Its help organization or business to conduct all function and activities properly. Information system support decision making for managers. Now a da y the role and impact of information system direct boots the efficiency and performance of the business. With new attainment of technology a new concept develops in organization which can be define as strategic information system. Dr. Charles Wiseman first introduced the concept of strategical information system or SIS into the celestial orbit of information system in 1982-83. Almost any data processing system whitethorn be called Strategic if it aligns with computer strategies of business and with organization strategiesWhen any organization implements the strategies through computer, can be define as strategic information system. They are the systems which restrain on business strategies in such a way that computer system has an impact on the organization affiance and performance. Organizational information system develops to support to business activities. Organizational information system now become an integral and vital part of business, and directly influences on market s hare and all others aspects of profitability. At strategic level, through information system organizational planner can analysis and plan new direction for business.Need of Parallel dodge In this scenario every organization must focus and analysis one main strategy which is call parallel strategy. Parallel strategy can be define as a save and conservative conversion approach where both the old system and its potential replacement are run to get ahead for a time until everyone assured that the new system working correctly. This approach can be useful for those organizations that planned to convert its manual system into digital information system.Strategic objective of ISThere are six main strategic objective of INFORMATION SYSTMEN areFunctional excellences through monitoring efficiency, productivity, and assortment in management behaviour through modern technology.Create opportunities and for product and services through new technology.Improved and speedy communication internally and externally inwardly an organization.Quick and improve decision-making.Achievement of Competitive advantages.Survival of organization with help of information system and technology.Operational or functional role of ISIn every organization there is main four-system need to be monitor and control for smoothly run of the business at in operation(p) level. The performance of all department depend on system and its show overall performance of any organization. At operational level there are four main systems working together along with other resources of organization like people etc. For example at operational level systems areFinancial information system.Manufacturing information system.Human resource information system.Marketing information system.The pecuniary management information system provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization including the chief financial officer. Financial system keeps of organizations financial assets and funds flow.M anufacturing information system provides all manufacturing information of production department. This information system lie with with planning, developing and production of product and serviceOn other hand human resource system are concerns with activities related to worker, managers, and other individual use by organization. This system maintain employee records track employee skills, job performance, and training ,and support for employee compensation and career development Next vital system is sale information systems which support managerial activities in the area of product development, distribution, pricing decision, promotional effectiveness and sale forecasting. Management analyzes historical and current financial activity, projects future financial needs, and monitors and controls.Emis10eimagesimg09_01.jpgDevelopment of information systemA new information system is develop as a solution to some type of problem or set of problem the organization face at different level o n various occasions. There are two main reasons for new development of information system. Theses reason might beTop management or manager touchableize that the organization is not performing as well as expected.Top management realize that the organization should take advantage of new technology and opportunities to perform more efficiently.An information system support daily, in brief term, and long term activities of users. It includes store clerk, sale representatives, accountant, manager executive etc.When information requirement limiting, the information system must meet the new requirement. grounds information system is vital to all professionals. In todays organization manager and employee at all level work together and use information system. twain are connected directly and indirectly.Socio-technical entity one important thing need to know about information system development is that an information system is a social and technological entity, and arrangement of both so cial and technical elements.The development of organizational information system not only involves, hardware, software, programmer, and communication, but also includes change in jobs, knowledge, skill management policies, and processes within organization.Development of organizational information system change organization as whole and change the decision making process as well.Before development of information system, the builder of system must understand how a system will put on the organization as whole, focusing particularly on organizational conflict and change.A new system can be technically successful but failure in social and political process of building new system can fail the whole system.The development of any information system always enhances the real picture in information service in the organization and help information management having a more participatory role in the operation of the organization. In every organization there are three general types of informatio n systems develops and use to keep the business running smoothly. They are financial system, operational system and strategic system. All theses system further subdivided into different system and this division depend on the needs of organization.Technical and Human participation in System DevelopmentEffective system development requires team effort. For every system development project, the organization build a team work on that system or project from beginning to end. That team consist on stakeholder, users, manager and various support personnel. Without the involvement of human no system can be successful at technically level. System development should involve representative from each department. This include nontechnical and IT professionals. The role and responsibilities of member of the system development team vary organization to organization. Following factor are very vital for system developmentStakeholder all individuals who directly or indirectly affect on organization an d they get benefit from system development project. Manager who has highly visible role as system sponsor are underlying stakeholders because they work hard for system success and ultimately receive some credit or blame. System member or human are very important for new system because they responsible for using system and make it successful.System analyst A system analyst is a professional who specializes in analysing and designing organizational system and is responsible for designing and an information system for organization. Depending on the size of organization, the task perform by system analyst may vary, so without system analyst the development of information system not possible. They are the key professional who utilizes technology to develop a successful system for organization. They also deal and control all technical issue relate to information technology. In every organization networking of departments are only possible with combination of system analysts and new techn ology.Technical specialists the technical specialists are responsible for installing and maintain local networks. The database specialists assist systems analysts and programmers inDeveloping or modifying applications that use the companys database the database administrators accord and control an organizations data and information resources the data warehousing specialists develop and design enterprise-wide applications, for data mining the data communications specialists evaluate, install, and monitor data communications equipment and software and is responsible for connections to the Internet and other wide area networks.Software programmer A software programmer is a professional who use computer verbiage such as C++, Java, Perl, PHP, and visual basic. Computer programmer are responsible for making computer programme to satisfy user requirement, they take the plan from system analyst and build necessary software. Its clearly show that for success of any system depend on combina tion of human and technical resource. As human they participate in system development process, define their goal, and achieve the objective of development of information system.Human can play role as nervous within the organization. Human involvement is vital for any project. For example in case of any problem only machine or computer cannot do anything.Organizational Culture and Information SystemOrganizational culture is personality of any organization. Culture is comprised of the assumption, value, norms, and tangible sign of organization member and their behaviour. Culture is one of those terms that difficult to express distinctly but everyone know it when they sense it. For example a culture of large organization is totally different form the culture of hospital or culture on university. The concept of culture is very important when organization attempting to develop a new information system.During last decade, the impact of topic and organizational culture on development and use of information technology annexs rapidly. Meanwhile many information technology scholars postulate that organization need to understand culture difference if they want to deploy new information system. For this purpose it is vital to know the relationship between technology and culture.The world becomes global market with interaction and communication between people of different cultures. In fact global activities are facilitated by current move on technology and communication. With rapid increase in technology we are now seeing that same technology being used by different people of different culture.Impact of organizational culture on development of IS processAn increasing number of information system applications are implemented across national and cultural boundaries. During this development or transfer process many of these applications encounter problems which can be attribute to the difference between cultures of organization. Culture consists of several elements of wh ich some are implicit and others areExplicit. Most often these elements are explain by terms such as behaviour, values, norms, and basic assumptions.Several studies have suggested that values are important category of culture. Values and practice are acquire early in life through childhood socialization and education and so stable in nature but they can change over time and theses change reflects on culture.Hofstedes national modelLike all human activities, culture influences on development of information system in different ways. Because of numerous aspects of culture has received particular attention. Hofstedes main research on national culture is principally describe in cultures consequences. The work of Hofstede stands out for the connection of design activities to national culture and organizational forms. His primary data were extracted from a exist bank of employee attitude surveys undertaken around 1967 and 1973 within IBM subsidiaries in 66 countries is the basis for a si gnificant theoretical explanation of the influence of culture on information system design. Geerd Hofstede developed four dimensions of culture such as uncertainty voidance, masculinity, power blank space, and individuality influence in information system design. In addition, he compared the designs of geographic information systems in German and US countries.Because of the wealth of data and deep theoretical interpretation, his work has received much attention in the field than other fields Hofstede tried to examine the role of national culture in information system design. He constructed his model on review of sociological theories and work including Kluckho HN (1952, 1961), Parson (1951), Parson and Shils and Weber. In addition, Hofstedes model has been widely used in management research. Hofstedes four dimensions of national culture including Uncertainty escape the extent to which future possibilities are defend against or acceptedPower distance the degree if inequality of pow er between a person at a higher level and a person at a lower level.Individualism the relative importance of individual goals. Compared with group or bodied goals.Masculinity the extent to which the goal of men dominate those of women.Uncertainty avoidance is the focus on information systems in decision support systems. It is considered with power distance because of interaction effects. On the other hand, individualism and masculinity have little importance and relevance to German and US countries. According to Hofstede, in Germany and the USA, both characterized by low power distance, there are two possible ways to keep organizations to gather and reduce uncertainty.ConclusionThis research report suggested that cultures role is hooklike on several factors and it is an important topic of research for information system. Results show that competitive environment as well as the nature of itself affects the impact that culture values will have over the transfer process. Finally, it can be said that when culture is in agreement with the IS, the consequences may be asFollowsIt allows us to know if the implementation of IS will be satisfactorily acceptedIt lays down the patterns forth usage of information. Thus, it helps identify which information is important, where it may be obtained and above all, to whom it must be suppliedIt is an important means of communication, both inside and outside the firm and it allows us to assess the effectiveness of IS applied to telecommunications.It creates cohesion among the members of a firm, as it explains the way things are done in a firmIt allows the creation of a social control within a firm. For instance, the implementation of IS, and the correct predisposition of somatic members towards such IS, is hardly controlled merely by means of formal measures. Cultural roles are also very important in this respect.It may help increase the satisfaction of all internal collaborators of the firm, for it facilitates environmental ad aptation and internal integration, thus reducing the anxiety created by IS